Skin Rashes in Children on Face in Adults on Hands on Arms that Itch In Kids on Dogs on Chest: Cause Of Skin Rashes Skin Rashes In Children On Face In Adults On Hands On Arms That Itch In Kids On Dogs On Chest On Neck

Cause Of Skin Rashes Biography

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A rash is a noticeable change in the texture or color of the skin. The skin may become itchy, bumpy, chapped, scaly, or otherwise irritated. Rashes are caused by a wide range of conditions, including allergies, medication, cosmetics, and various diseases.

Contact dermatitis is a common cause of rashes. Contact rashes occur when you touch something that causes a reaction. Most contact rashes can be treated without the help of a doctor. A rash may be itchy, but scratching can make it worse and prevent it from healing.

Rash Causes:

Contact dermatitis can be caused by coming into contact with:
beauty products, soaps, and laundry detergent
dyes in clothing
chemicals in rubber, elastic, or latex
poisonous plants such as poison oak, poison ivy, or poison sumac

Drug rashes are caused by medication. They can form as:
an allergic reaction
a side effect
a result of sensitivity to sunlight

Other types of rashes include:
eczema: a common rash for people with asthma or allergies. The rash is often reddish and itchy, with a scaly texture.
bug bites: tick bites are of particular concern, as they can transmit disease
psoriasis: a scaly, itchy, red rash that forms along the scalp and joints
dandruff: an itchy, flaky rash on the scalp. On an infant, dandruff is called cradle cap.
seborrheic dermatitis: dandruff that occurs on the ears, mouth, nose, or somewhere besides the scalp

Children are particularly prone to rashes from illnesses such as:
chicken pox: a virus that causes itchy blisters
measles: a respiratory infection
scarlet fever: a bacterial disease (streptococcus infection) that requires antibiotics
hand, foot, and mouth disease: a virus that causes red lesions
fifth disease: a red, flat rash on the face, upper arms, and legs
Kawasaki disease: an autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels
impetigo: a bacterial infection that forms red, wet sores that crust over

Medical diseases can cause rashes as well. These include lupus erythematosus (a long-term disorder of the autoimmune system) and rheumatoid arthritis (long-term inflammation of the joints).

A simple rash is called dermatitis, meaning inflammation of the skin. Contact dermatitis is caused by things your skin touches, such as:
Chemicals in elastic, latex, and rubber products
Cosmetics, soaps, and detergents
Dyes and other chemicals in clothing
Poison ivy, oak, or sumac

Seborrheic dermatitis is a rash that appears in patches of redness and scaling around the eyebrows, eyelids, mouth, nose, the trunk, and behind the ears. If it happens on your scalp, it is called dandruff in adults and cradle cap in infants.

Age, stress, fatigue, weather extremes, oily skin, infrequent shampooing, and alcohol-based lotions aggravate this harmless but bothersome condition.

Other common causes of a rash include:
Eczema (atopic dermatitis) -- tends to happen in people with allergies or asthma. The rash is generally red, itchy, and scaly.
Psoriasis -- tends to occur as red, scaly, itchy patches over joints and along the scalp. Fingernails may be affected.
Impetigo -- common in children, this infection is from bacteria that live in the top layers of the skin. Appears as red sores that turn into blisters, ooze, then crust over.
Shingles -- a painful blistered skin condition caused by the same virus as chickenpox. The virus can lie dormant in your body for many years and re-emerge as shingles.
Childhood illnesses such as chicken pox, measles, roseola, rubella, hand-foot-mouth disease, fifth disease, and scarlet fever.
Medications and insect bites or stings.

Many medical conditions can cause a rash as well. For example:
Lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis, especially the juvenile type
Kawasaki disease

Serious rashes are usually caused by allergic reactions, disorders of the immune system, or by poisonous byproducts of an infection. Blisters in these disorders are usually caused when the proteins that connect layers of skin are attacked. Because the proteins holding them together aren't working, the layers of skin come apart, and fluid fills the space between them, thus forming the blister.

Pemphigus vulgaris:
1.PV is a disorder of the immune system (an autoimmune disorder). As in all autoimmune disorders, the body's natural immune system mistakenly identifies proteins within the body as foreign and begins the natural response to get rid of these foreign proteins producing antibodies to attack the foreign intruder.
2.In PV, the targets of these antibodies are anchoring proteins within the skin.
3.Certain medications have been linked with the development of PV, including D-penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), penicillin, interleukin 2, nifedipine (Adalat CC, Procardia, Procardia XL), and rifampicin (Rifadin).

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS):
1.The exact cause of SJS is unknown, but it is thought to be a severe form of allergic reaction to certain medications or infections.
2.Antibiotics, typically sulfa-containing and penicillin-containing antibiotics, and medications given for seizures (phenytoin [Dilantin, Dilantin Infatabs, Dilantin Kapseals, Dilantin-125, Phenytek, Phenytoin Sodium, Prompt], phenobarbital [Solfoton], carbamazepine [Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol, Tegretol XR], and lamotrigine [Lamictal]) have been linked to SJS, as have the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
3.Other possible causes of SJS include viral infections with hepatitis, herpes simplex, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, and influenza viruses; bacterial infections with streptococcal-type and tuberculous bacteria; vaccination, particularly with the smallpox vaccination; and cancers.
4.HIV-infected individuals have a higher risk of developing skin reactions when compared to the general population. Medications used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection can have skin reactions as a side effect, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome. These medications include the protease inhibitors (PI) (atazanivir), the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (efavirenz [Sustiva]), and the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (abacavir [Ziagen], nevirapine [Viramune]).

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN):
1.TEN is thought to be a severe form of SJS.
2.Causes are similar but include penicillin-type antibiotics, radiation therapy, collagen vascular disease, and recent bone marrow transplantation or blood transfusions.
3.HIV-infected individuals are at higher risk for the development of both SJS and TEN, with a combined incidence of 1/1000 person-years.

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS):
1.TSS is caused by an underlying infection with specific Staphylococcus bacteria.
2.Certain strains of bacteria produce poisons that are released into the bloodstream and cause disease throughout the body.
3.TSS became a public health issue in the 1970s with the introduction of super-absorbent tampons. These tampons caused menstruating women to be more easily infected with the staphylococcal infections that led to TSS.
4.Other infections that may lead to TSS include superficial skin infections, surgical wound infections, infections after delivering a baby, or infected nasal packings after nasal surgery or nosebleeds.

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS):
1.A disease of children, SSSS is similar to TSS.
2.It is caused by infection with a different type of Staphylococcus bacteria (often referred to as "staph" infections) than TSS.
3.These bacteria also produce a poison that is released into the bloodstream and causes the typical rash seen in SSSS.
4.The underlying infection in children is a minor skin infection that often goes unnoticed.